Abstract: The spent fuel reprocessing, as the essential part of nuclear fuel cycle, is of great significance from the point of view of both nuclear safety and sustainable development of nuclear energy. The reprocessing technology can be divided into wet process using aqueous solution and dry process. Molten salt electrolysis technology is one of the important approaches of spent fuel dry reprocessing, but this technique often operates at several hundred degrees with high demands for equipment and energy consumption. Room temperature ionic liquid has many advantages, such as wide electrochemical window, low melting point, insignificant vapor pressure and high thermal stability, which is promising to replace high-temperature molten salt for spent fuel dry reprocessing. This article reviews the electrochemical research status of the actinides and lanthanides in ionic liquids. These results indicate that the ionic liquids can be used for spent fuel dry reprocessing, but more basic research is required.