Abstract: Large amounts of radionuclides are inevitably released into the environment with the development of nuclear power energy, which is dangerous to environment and human health. In this review, the different methods, such as X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, time resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy, surface complexation modeling and computational calculation, for the characterization of radionuclide sorption and interaction mechanism on solid-water interfaces and the research works in China were reviewed and discussed. The contents in this review are helpful for researchers to carry out research works about the physicochemical behavior of radionuclides in the natural environment.