Abstract: Ultratrace amounts of long-lived radionuclides are critical nuclides for control of radioactive pollution, data measurement, geological disposal, and origin of the earth studies. The separation and measurement of these nuclides have become an important branch of radiochemistry, which attracts more and more attention in the industry. This paper systematically analyzes the progress on the research of pretreatment, radiochemical separation and purification, as well as the measurement methods. Meanwhile, some interesting technical problems are discussed. At last some suggestions and the key future research directions are given.