Abstract: The sorption of radionuclides on minerals plays an important role in the transport, migration, transformation and the remediation of the radionuclide in the environment. The mechanisms of sorption, precipitation and redox reactions have been introduced briefly. And the related advanced technologies, such as XAFS, fluorescence spectra and theoretical calculations, which have been used to study the microstructure and the speciation of radionuclides on minerals, have been discussed in detail. The trends on the microscopic mechanism of radionuclides on minerals are also proposed.