Abstract: Uranium is one of the important elements in the process of nuclear energy utilization, including uranium mining and processing, spent fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste disposal. Uranyl(UO²⁺₂) is easy to diffuse, migrate and transform in the environment due to its good water-solubility. Owing to its radioactivity and chemical toxicity, uranyl will pose a potential threat to both creatures and humans when it entered into environment. Therefore, it is very important to develop new nanomaterials for the treatment of uranyl from aqueous solution. This paper reviews the adsorption process of uranyl on graphene oxide(GO), carbon nanofiber(CNF) and their composites, providing theoretical basis for the actual treatment of uranium containing wastewater, and providing technical support for the sustainable development of nuclear energy and the protection of nuclear environment in China.