Abstract: As an efficient new adsorption material, graphene oxide(GO) has shown great application potential in the adsorption removal of radionuclides in aqueous solution due to the huge specific surface area and abundant oxygen-containing functional group. This review mainly introduces the structure properties and preparation methods of GO and GO-based composites and their adsorption removals of radioactive nuclide uranium,thorium and europium in aqueous solution. Surface modification or combination with other functional materials are effective methods to improve the adsorption capabilities for radionuclide adsorption removal. The adsorption mechanisms are summarized. Finally, the future research directions in the field are prospected and some suggestions are given.