硝酸体系中铂催化肼还原U(Ⅵ)的反应动力学

    Kinetics for Catalytic Reduction of U(Ⅵ) by Hydrazine on Platinum Black in Nitric Acid Media

    • 摘要: 开展了硝酸体系中以肼为还原剂、铂黑为催化剂催化还原U(Ⅵ)的动力学研究。通过考察U(Ⅵ)浓度、肼浓度、酸度以及催化剂用量等条件对反应过程的影响,确定了反应的初始动力学速率方程为-dc(UO2+2)dt=kc0.44(UO2+2)c0.19(N2H+5)c-0.23(H+),在60 ℃、固液比rS/L=2.0 g/L时,速率常数k=2.6×10-3 (mol/L)0.6/min。研究了温度对反应速率的影响,结果表明,在20~75 ℃范围内,随着温度升高,反应速率加快,反应过程由动力学控制转变为扩散控制过程。对比了硝酸体系与高氯酸体系的反应动力学实验数据,发现相同条件下硝酸体系的反应速率明显低于高氯酸体系,并分析了其中的原因。

       

      Abstract: The catalytic reaction kinetics of U(Ⅵ) with hydrazine on platinum black in nitric acid media was studied. By investigating the influence of U(Ⅵ) concentration, hydrazine concentration, acidity and catalyst amounts(rS/L) on the reaction, the reaction rate equation is obtained: -dc(UO2+2)dt=kc0.44(UO2+2)c0.19(N2H+5)c-0.23(H+), and the rate constant is 2.6×10-3 (mol/L) 0.6/min at 60 ℃ and rS/L=2.0 g/L. The effect of temperature was also investigated. The results show that the temperature accelerates the reaction and the reaction process changes from kinetics-controlled process to diffusion-controlled process. Comparing nitric acid with perchloric acid, it is found that the reaction rate in nitric acid is obviously lower than that of perchloric acid.

       

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