Abstract: As a new type of two-dimensional carbon material, graphdiyne has received extensive attention and research since it was first synthesized in 2010. Graphdiyne has been widely used in the fields such as energy storage, catalysis, electrochemistry, medicine and adsorption. Due to the special triangular pore structure and large π bond characteristics, graphdiyne has the potential for selective adsorption of different ions, so the application of graphdiyne in the field of radiochemistry is greatly expected. It was shown that graphdiyne has obvious effects on the separation between lanthanides and actinides, thorium and uranium as well as strontium and cesium. At the same time, it was found that the actinides ions adsorbed on the graphdiyne are in single ion state. The π system of graphdiyne strongly interacts with the 5f electrons of actinides single ions, which feed back to graphdiyne playing an essential role in the selective adsorption. This review briefly summarizes the synthesis, properties and application fields of graphdiyne. After that, this review introduces the recent progress of graphdiyne in radiochemistry. At last, this review prospects the application of graphdiyne in radiochemistry based on the existing research.