密封中子管氘-氘产额及二次电子抑制
D-D Yield and Secondary Electron Suppression in Sealed Neutron Tube
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摘要: 中子管的工作参数是影响中子产额的重要因素。为了更准确地调控D-D中子管的中子产额，对中子管的工作参数与产额关系进行了研究，同时为了提高中子管束流品质及寿命，对中子管的二次电子抑制进行实验。采用控制参数变量的方法分别研究了D-D中子管的热子电流、阳极高压、靶极高压对中子产额的影响，以及二次电子抑制电阻阻值与靶极电流之间的关系。结果表明：中子产额随着热子电流的增加而增加，当靶极高压为-80 kV、阳极高压为2.6 kV时，热子电流的最佳调控范围为290~305 mA；阳极高压与中子产额呈非线性关系，最佳阳极高压需要高于2.6 kV；靶极高压升高，中子产额随之增加，而且高压越高产额增加越快，靶极高压最佳工作范围为-120~-100 kV；D-D中子管二次电子抑制电阻阻值为8.7 MΩ或者抑制电压为403 V时，便可以完全抑制住二次电子。中子管的工作参数与中子产额的关系为今后中子管产额稳定性自调节可提供参考，二次电子抑制实验为抑制二次电子电流的产生提供依据。Abstract: The operating parameters of neutron tube are important factors for neutron yield. In order to control the neutron yield of D-D neutron tube more accurately, the relationship between the working parameters and the yield of neutron tube was tested. At the same time, in order to improve the current quality and life of neutron tube, the secondary electron suppression of neutron tube was tested. The influence of thermionic current, anode high voltage and target high voltage on neutron yield and the relationship between secondary electron suppression resistance and target current of D-D neutron tube are studied by controlling parameter variables. The results show that the neutron yield increases with the increase of thermionic current. When the target voltage is -80 kV and the anode voltage is 2.6 kV, the optimal control range of the thermionic current is 290-305 mA. There is a nonlinear relationship between anode high voltage and neutron yield, and the optimal working voltage needs to be higher than 2.6 kV. The neutron yield increases with the increase of target high voltage, and the higher the high voltage is, the faster the neutron yield increases. The optimal working range of target negative high voltage is -120--100 kV. The secondary electron suppression resistance of D-D neutron tube is 8.7 MΩ or the suppression voltage is 403 V, and the secondary electron can be completely suppressed. The relationship between working parameters and neutron yield can provide a reference for the self-regulation of yield stability of neutron tube in the future. The secondary electron suppression experiment provides a basis for controlling the generation of secondary electron current.
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