Abstract: Uranium is an indispensable element for the development of nuclear energy. Uranium extraction from seawater can effectively solve the problem of the shortage in land uranium mines. Amidoxime(AO)based adsorbents exhibit excellent adsorption performance for uranyl ions. This article reviews the research progress of AObased fiber since it has been reported, analyzes the preparation method and adsorption performance of AObased fibrous adsorbent, and studies the development process and trend of this type of materials. Furthermore, the existing issues of the current industrialization of AObased fibrous materials is discussed. Finally, the development of uranium extraction from seawater in the future is prospected.