Extraction Performance and Radiation Stability of Phosphorus-Containing Extractants
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摘要: 目前乏燃料后处理技术的研究特别是溶剂萃取方面,即利用含萃取剂的有机稀释剂萃取分离水溶液中的放射性核素,受到广泛关注。本文对近十多年来乏燃料后处理(溶剂萃取)中含磷类萃取剂特别是中性膦类萃取剂的萃取性能及辐射稳定性等进行了综述与讨论。对于中性膦类萃取剂而言,萃取性能及辐射稳定性受自身结构、稀释剂类型等其他因素的影响,萃取剂中P—O键数目的减少会提升萃取性能,烷基链长度的增加或支链(如甲基、乙基及苯基)的引入均能提高辐射稳定性。此外,采用离子液体作为稀释剂可以减小有机相的辐解。因此,研究含磷类萃取剂结构与萃取性能及辐射稳定性的关系,不仅有利于筛选出适用于乏燃料后处理过程的萃取剂,对于选择兼具优异萃取性能和辐射稳定性的结构从而指导新型含磷类萃取剂的合成同样具有重要意义。Abstract: At present, the research on spent fuel reprocessing technology, especially the research on solvent extraction technology has been paid more and more attention. The radionuclides in aqueous solution were extracted with organic diluent containing extractant. This paper aims to review and discuss the extraction performance and radiation stability of phosphorus-containing extractants, especially neutral phosphorus extractants, used in spent fuel reprocessing(solvent extraction) in the past decade. For neutral phosphine extractants, the extraction performance and radiation stability are affected by other factors such as its own structure, diluent type, etc. The decrease of the number of P—O bonds in the extractant would improve the extraction performance. The increase of alkyl chain length or the introduction of branched chain(such as methyl, ethyl and phenyl) can improve the radiation stability. In addition, the organic phase with ionic liquid as diluent can reduce the irradiation of the organic phase. Therefore, the study of the relationship between the structure of phosphorus-containing extractants and their extraction performance and radiation stability are conducive to select the extractant suitable for spent fuel reprocessing. It is also of great significance to select the structure with excellent extraction performance and radiation stability to guide the synthesis of new phosphorus-containing extractants.
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