模拟含氟放射性废液的地质聚合物固化配方

    Geopolymer Solidification Formula of Simulated Radioactive Fluoride Liquid Waste

    • 摘要: 采用地质聚合物固化技术处理钍基熔盐堆运行过程中产生的含氟放射性废液。以水玻璃(硅铝酸钠水溶液)和粉煤灰为固化基材对模拟含氟放射性废液进行固化处理。通过设计四因素四水平的正交实验,形成16组不同的地质聚合物固化配方,在60 ℃条件下养护28 d,对制得的地质聚合物固化体进行抗压强度、抗浸泡性和抗浸出性能测试。实验结果表明:当固化配方为水玻璃模数1.5、水灰比0.35或0.40、碱激发剂质量分数30%、F质量分数4%时,制备得到的地质聚合物固化体的抗压强度为47 MPa,在(25±5)℃、去离子水条件下浸泡90 d后的抗压强度损失为13.75%,Co2+、Sr2+和Cs+第42天的浸出率和42 d累积浸出分数均满足GB 14569.1—2011要求;F第42天浸出质量浓度为2.81 mg/L,低于GB 5083.3—2007的限值要求(100 mg/L)。可见,该配方实现了对模拟含氟放射性废液的有效固化,后续可进一步探究养护条件(包括温度、湿度和时间)对地质聚合物固化体性能的影响,以期为含氟放射性废液的稳定化处理提供一条行之有效的技术路线。

       

      Abstract: The geopolymer solidification technology is used to treat the radioactive fluoride liquid waste generated during the operation of thorium-based molten salt reactors. Water glass(sodium silicate aqueous solution) and fly ash were used as raw materials for geopolymer solidification of simulated radioactive fluoride liquid waste. 16 groups of geopolymer solidification formulas were formed by designing orthogonal experiment with four factors and four levels. The geopolymer solidification forms were maintained at 60 ℃ for 28 days, and its compressive strength, immersion resistance and leaching resistance were investigated. The results show that when the water glass modulus is 1.5, the water cement ratio is 0.35 or 0.40, the alkali activator mass fraction is 30% and the F mass fraction is 4%, the compressive strength of geopolymer solidification form is 47 MPa, and the loss of compressive strength after 90 days of immersion indeionized water at (25±5) ℃ is 13.75%, the Co2+, Sr2+ and Cs+ leaching rate on the 42nd day and the cumulative leaching fraction meet the requirements of GB 14569.1—2011. The leaching concentration of F on the 42nd day is 2.81 mg/L, which is lower than the limit requirement of GB 5083.3—2007 (100 mg/L). It can be seen that the formula achieves effective solidification of simulated radioactive fluoride liquid waste. The effects of maintenance conditions(including temperature, humidity and time) on the performance of geopolymer solidification form can be further explored in the future, with a view to providing a proven technical route for the stabilization treatment of radioactive fluoride liquid waste.

       

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