Abstract: Uranium is an important strategic resource and energy mineral. With the rapid development of nuclear power, the demand for natural uranium has been increasing year by year. After more than 70 years of iteration and upgrading, China’s uranium hydrometallurgy technology has established a first, second, and third generation uranium hydrometallurgy technology system with Chinese characteristics. This article systematically elaborates on the development process of uranium hydrometallurgy in China, with a focus on analyzing typical uranium hydrometallurgy processes such as hard rock type uranium deposits, sandstone type uranium deposits, polymetallic associated uranium deposits, and coal rock type uranium deposits. In the early stages of the 1950s, hard rock type uranium mines mainly used the agitation leaching process, which extracted uranium through a process of ore crushing acid leaching ion exchange. However, there were drawbacks such as high energy consumption and large tailings volume; in the 1980s, heap leaching technology was promoted, and static leaching of uranium was achieved through heap spraying, which increased the recovery rate of granite type uranium deposits in the south to 85%; in the 1990s, the development of sandstone type uranium mines in northern China has given rise to revolutionary in-situ leaching technology. By injecting leaching agents directly into the ore layer through injection wells, green mining with “no uranium visible” has been achieved, increasing resource utilization to over 75% and reducing production costs by 40%. Since the 21st century, a series of breakthroughs have been made in the technological research and development of complex uranium deposits. In Ordos basin, CO₂+O₂ in-situ leaching technology has solved the problem of high consumption of leaching agents for high carbonate sandstone uranium deposits. In Yili basin, we have broken through the efficient mining technology of sparse uranium mines and multi-layer uranium mines, solved the world-class problem of difficult in-situ leaching of such uranium resources and built China’s first thousand ton level green uranium mine. For the hard rock type uranium deposits in the south China, the fine-grained fine heap leaching technology has shortened the heap leaching cycle from 300 days to 70 days. For polymetallic associated uranium deposits in Guyuan, the oxygen pressure acid leaching technology has been successfully applied to the difficult to leach primary uranium molybdenum ore. Uranium leaching rate increased above 90% and molybdenum leaching rate increased from less than 30% to above 80%. The current construction of uranium mining bases presents three major trends: green upgrading, intelligent transformation and intensive development. In the future, it is necessary to focus on breakthroughs in core technologies, such as deep immersion mining technology about 1000 meters, complex cooccurring radioactive mineral resource development technology, and intelligent uranium mine construction and regulation technology. In the future, the fourth generation uranium hydrometallurgy technology system will be established and will promote China’s great leap for a source of original technology.