Abstract: Radionuclide detection has important practical value in many industries. On the one hand, with the increasing use of nuclear energy, radionuclide detection technology can be applied in areas such as the treatment and disposal of radioactive waste and the management of the decommissioning of nuclear facilities, including the assessment of the environmental impact and hazards of nuclear activities. On the other hand, radionuclides are of irreplaceable importance in the field of geoscientific research, and their use as tracers opens a unique way for in-depth study of the mechanisms of material migration, transformation and interaction in geochemical processes, and can provide key chronological information for unravelling the mysteries of earth history and biological evolution. In the field of radionuclide detection, traditional detection techniques such as α-spectrometry, β-spectrometry and γ-spectrometry have reached a relatively mature stage after a long period of development and application, and provide a powerful means for qualitative and quantitative analysis of radionuclides, but these techniques have the drawbacks of time consuming, relatively insufficient energy resolution and relatively high detection limits for samples of low activity at the environmental level, making it difficult to achieve the detection of key nuclides. However, these techniques have the disadvantages of being time-consuming, relatively insufficient energy resolution and high detection limits for low activity samples at the environmental level, making it difficult to achieve rapid determination and effective traceability of key nuclide information. The advent of mass spectrometry (MS) has improved these shortcomings and demonstrated its unique and superior value over traditional radionuclide detection chemistries. Inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry(ICP-MS/MS), as a new mass spectrometry technique with short measurement time and high abundance sensitivity, is gradually being applied to the analysis of long-lived radionuclides. This paper introduces the technical principle of ICP-MS/MS and its current application in radionuclide detection, systematically describes the applicable sample types, sample pre-treatment and separation and purification schemes, and optimised instrumental parameter settings, etc., summarises and compares the advantages and disadvantages of ICP-MS/MS with those of the traditional detection techniques and modern mass spectrometry techniques, and integrates the optimisation ideas and prospects for the ICP-MS/MS under the existing performance, and looks forward to the future development direction of the technology in the field of radionuclide detection, so as to provide scientific basis for the in-depth understanding of the new detection technology and the subsequent expansion of mass spectrometry in this field.