Abstract: The disposal of radioactive waste is one of the major factors constraining the sustainable development of nuclear energy in China. Although different types of radioactive waste correspond to different disposal methods, safety assessment for disposal in all cases must be carried out through research on radionuclide migration. Sorption is a key process governing the migration behavior of radionuclides within the disposal system, and consequently forms a core research topic for evaluating disposal safety of radioactive waste. This paper first outlines the key barrier materials in repositories, research methodologies for sorption, sorption mechanisms, and approaches to adsorption modeling. It then reviews and evaluates the research achievements made by domestic scholars over the past two decades, focusing on progress in sorption experiments and adsorption modeling. Finally, prospects and suggestions are proposed for future sorption research in the context of radioactive waste disposal in China.