LiCl-KCl共晶盐中镥在Cu电极上的电化学行为与分离机理研究

    Electrochemical Behavior and Separation Mechanism of Lutetium on Cu Electrode in LiCl-KCl Eutectic Salt

    • 摘要: 为探究Cu电极上分离Lu的可行性,开展了Lu在LiCl-KCl熔盐体系中Cu电极上的电化学行为与分离机理研究。循环伏安结果显示,Lu(Ⅲ)在W电极上的电极反应为扩散控制的可逆过程,且熔盐中Lu(Ⅲ)的扩散系数随其浓度的增加而逐渐减小。在Cu电极上,循环伏安和方波伏安证明形成CuLu、Cu2Lu和Cu5Lu三种Lu-Cu金属间化合物。利用开路计时电位测定了Lu-Cu金属间化合物的平衡电位、活度、标准摩尔生成吉布斯自由能等热力学参数,并通过极化曲线计算Lu(Ⅲ)/Cu5Lu在不同温度下的交换电流密度、电荷转移电阻及电极反应活化能。采用恒电位电解提取Lu,通过ICP-OES分析熔盐中Lu(Ⅲ)浓度,并对电解产物进行X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)表征分析。结果表明,熔盐中Lu(Ⅲ)浓度随着电解的持续进行而逐渐减少。电解8 h后,提取率达到97.63%,产物由Cu和LuCu2两相组成,证明Cu电极可实现Lu的高效分离。

       

      Abstract: Molten salt electrolysis has the advantages of high temperature resistance, radiation resistance and simple process, etc., which make it to be a popular method for extraction and separation elements in spent fuel reprocessing. With the recovery of uranium and transuranium elements, lanthanides, as the main components of fission products, gradually accumulate in molten salt, which seriously hinder the recovery of actinides. In order to promote the smooth recovery of actinides and realize the purification of molten salt, the lanthanides must be removed from the molten salt. Lu is the lanthanide element with the largest atomic number, and its deposition potential is closer to that of actinides. The electrochemical study of Lu is of great significance for the extraction of lanthanide elements and the separation of lanthanide and actinide elements. In this work, cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry were used to analyzed the electrode reactions of Lu on W and Cu electrodes in LiCl-KCl eutectic salt at 773 K. It can be found that the reaction of Lu on W electrode is reversible process controlled by diffusion, and the diffusion coefficient of Lu(Ⅲ) in molten salt was calculated to be 1.32×10−5-1.03×10−5 cm2/s when its concentration was 2.38×10−5-7.00×10−5 mol/cm3. On Cu cathode, the formation of three Lu-Cu intermetallic compounds, CuLu、Cu2Lu and Cu5Lu, was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry, anode and cathode square wave voltammetry. The thermodynamic data such as equilibrium potential, activity and Gibbs free energy of standard molar formation for Lu-Cu intermetallic compounds were measured by open circuit chronopotentiometry, and the results show that the activity and Gibbs free energy of standard molar formation of Cu5Lu are the smallest among Lu-Cu intermetallic compounds, indicating that Cu5Lu is easier formed on Cu electrode. In addition, the kinetic parameters such as the exchange current density, charge transfer resistance and reaction activation energy of Lu(Ⅲ)/Cu5Lu were calculated at different temperatures by polarization curves. With the increase of temperature, the exchange current density gradually increases, while the charge transfer resistance gradually decreases, demonstrating that the higher temperature is conducive to the electrode reaction. The separation of Lu was conducted by potentiostatic electrolysis at -2.2 V for 8 h, and the ICP-OES was used to measure the concentration of Lu(Ⅲ) in molten salt. The results show that the concentration of Lu(Ⅲ) in molten salt decreases gradually with the increase of electrolysis time. The extraction rate could reached 97.63% after electrolysis for 8 h. Besides, the results of XRD and SEM-EDS show that the product is composed of Cu and LuCu2 phases. Thus, Cu electrode could be used to extract lanthanide Lu efficiently.

       

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