中子活化法测定砷中毒病区环境水中的砷

    DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC IN ENVIRONMENTAL WATER BY NAA

    • 摘要: 利用萃取、共沉淀和离子交换色层法相结合的化学分离方法 ,成功地实现了淡水中无机三价砷 (As(Ⅲ ) )、五价砷 (As(Ⅴ ) )、甲基胂酸 (MMA)和二甲基胂酸 (DMA) 4种化学种态的分离 ,用中子活化法 (NAA)测定了各分离部分中的As。其检出限为 0 0 2 μg/L。用此法对阿克巴盟地方性砷中毒 (地砷病 )病区井水中砷的 4种主要化学种态及其它微量元素进行了测量。结果表明 :病区饮用水中总砷的质量浓度为 2 0 4~ 1 1 2 5 μg/L ,严重超过了国家饮用水水质标准 ( <5 0 μg/L) ;井水中的砷大多以无机砷形式存在 ,其中As(Ⅲ )为总砷的 6 2 %~ 87% ;有机胂含量较低 ,MMA和DMA所占比例之和为 1 %~ 6 % ;Fe、Ba质量浓度明显高于饮用水的水质标准 ,稀土元素的质量浓度为世界淡水元素背景值的几十到几百倍。

       

      Abstract: A simple and sensitive method for separation of MMA, DMA, As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) is presented. Inorganic arsenic MMA, DMA, As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) are separated by the use of coprecipitation with Fe(OH) 3, cation exchange chromatography and extraction combined with neutron activation analysis. The recovery for MMA, DMA, As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) is 96.4%, 103%,96.3% and 104%,respectively. The applicability of the method to the arsenic species in a fresh water is demo strated. The detection limit of the method is 0.02 μg/L of arsenic. The results show that the arsenic concentrations in drinking water of Akebameng range from 204 μg/L to 1125 μg/L, which are much higher than the permitted limit(<50 μg/L). The dominant species of As in drinking water are inorganic arsenic compounds of which occupy 94%~99% of the total arsenic. The concentrations of MMA and DMA in drinking water vary from 4.61 μg/L to 20.7 μg/L and 5.69~ 18.2 μg/L , of which the ratio of MMA and DMA to total arsenic ranges from 1% to 6%.

       

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