王俊, 张龙, 李茹烟. 基于积分分析方法对聚变堆启动氚量与所需氚增殖比的评估[J]. 核化学与放射化学, 2024, 46(2): 118-124. DOI: 10.7538/hhx.2024.YX.2023058
    引用本文: 王俊, 张龙, 李茹烟. 基于积分分析方法对聚变堆启动氚量与所需氚增殖比的评估[J]. 核化学与放射化学, 2024, 46(2): 118-124. DOI: 10.7538/hhx.2024.YX.2023058
    WANG Jun, ZHANG Long, LI Ru-yan. ssessment of Startup Inventory and Required Tritium Breeding Ratio for Fusion Reactor Based on Integrated Analytical Scheme[J]. Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry, 2024, 46(2): 118-124. DOI: 10.7538/hhx.2024.YX.2023058
    Citation: WANG Jun, ZHANG Long, LI Ru-yan. ssessment of Startup Inventory and Required Tritium Breeding Ratio for Fusion Reactor Based on Integrated Analytical Scheme[J]. Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry, 2024, 46(2): 118-124. DOI: 10.7538/hhx.2024.YX.2023058

    基于积分分析方法对聚变堆启动氚量与所需氚增殖比的评估

    ssessment of Startup Inventory and Required Tritium Breeding Ratio for Fusion Reactor Based on Integrated Analytical Scheme

    • 摘要: 托卡马克聚变堆的主要发展方式包括混合堆、纯聚变堆。关于托卡马克聚变堆氚自持的研究,国内外主要采用平均滞留时间方法进行研究,并且针对聚变功率较低的混合堆的氚自持研究较少。本工作采用更符合实际的积分分析方法分析了混合堆、纯聚变堆氚自持的启动氚量、氚增殖比(TBR)要求。研究结果表明:启动氚量、备用氚量与聚变功率具有线性关系,所需TBR与聚变功率呈反比例关系;混合堆聚变功率较低,所需TBR较高,工程实现所需TBR挑战较大,需要通过限制长期氚滞留量以降低所需TBR要求;纯聚变堆聚变功率高,所需TBR较低,工程实现所需TBR挑战较小,但备用氚需求达数十千克,应考虑氚系统的冗余设计或提高氚系统的可靠性、可维护性,以降低备用氚的使用规模;运行因子是聚变堆的一个重要设计指标,在此着重分析了运行因子对所需TBR的影响,并重新定义了一个聚变堆氚自持的关系式,以突出运行因子对氚自持的重要影响。

       

      Abstract: The development of Tokamak fusion reactors encompasses hybrid and pure fusion reactor designs. In the study of tritium self-sustainability, the average retention time method is predominantly employed for Tokamak fusion reactors, with less emphasis on hybrid reactors. To enhance research in this area, this paper employs a more realistic integral analysis method to examine the requirements for startup tritium inventory and tritium breeding ratio(TBR) necessary to achieve tritium self-sustainability in both hybrid and pure fusion reactors. The findings demonstrate a linear relationship between startup tritium inventory, backup tritium inventory, and fusion power, while the required TBR is inversely proportional to the fusion power. Notably, the reserve tritium inventory plays a significant role in determining startup requirements for hybrid reactors. Within the range of 50-450 MW fusion power, a TBR above 1.15 is needed; particularly below 100 MW fusion power level where it reaches 1.4-posing substantial engineering challenges. The impact of initial levels of startup tritium on required TBR in hybrid reactors is negligible; however, reducing long-term tritium retention can help lower TBR requirements. For pure fusion reactors as well, it is observed that reserve tritium constitutes most of the startup inventory with tens of kilograms being necessary; therefore, considering redundant design or improving maintainability and reliability should be explored to reduce reserve tritium. Furthermore, achieving a required TBR below 1.15 appears more feasible within a range of 1-5 GW fusion power for pure fusion reactors. This paper further examines the impact of operational factors on the required TBR, and the study demonstrates that operational factors are an essential prerequisite for achieving tritium self-sustainability. To emphasize the influence of operational factors on tritium self-sustainability, this paper proposes a redefined relational equation for assessing tritium self-sustainability in fusion reactors.

       

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